OshudNitrofurantoin + Nitrofurantoin Microcrystals
Systemic Urinary Anti- infective
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📋 Indications & Uses Dosage & Administration⚠️ Contraindications⚡ Side Effects & Adverse Reactions🛡️ Warnings & Precautions🔬 Pharmacology & Mechanism
Brand Formulations & Prices
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📖 Official Clinical Monograph
DGDA Approved Prescribing GuidelinesFor the treatment of and prophylaxis against acute or recurrent, uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections or pyelitis either spontaneous or following surgical procedures. Nitrofurantoin is specifically indicated for the treatment of infections when due to susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, enterococci, staphylococci, Citrobacter, Klebsiella and Enterobacter.
Dosage & AdministrationAdults and children over 12 years of age-
Acute or recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections & pyelitis
: Nitrofurantoin Modified Release 100 mg (one Umactin-BD 100 capsule) 2 times daily for 7 days.
Surgical Prophylaxis
: Nitrofurantoin Modified Release 100 mg (one Umactin-BD 100 capsule) 2 times daily on the day of the procedure and for 3 days thereafter.
Children and Infants over 3 months of age-
Acute urinary tract infections
: Nitrofurantoin 3mg/kg day (Umactin Suspension 0.6ml/kg) in 4 divided doses for 7 days.
Long term suppression of UTI
: Nitrofurantoin 1mg/kg (Umactin Suspension 0.25ml/kg), once a day.
Elderly: Provided there is no significant renal impairment, in which Nitrofurantoin is contra-indicated, the dosage should be that for any normal adult.
Nitrofurantoin are contra-indicated in patients suffering from renal dysfunction with a creatinine clearance of less than 60 ml/minute or elevated serum creatinine, in infants under 3 months of age as well as pregnant patients at term (during labour and delivery) because of the theoretical possibility of haemolytic anaemia in the foetus or in the newborn infant due to immature erythrocyte enzyme systems and in patients with a known hypersensitivity to nitrofurantoin or other nitrofurans.
Respiratory: If any of the following reactions occur the drug should be discontinued. Acute pulmonary reactions, subacute reactions may take several months to resolve once the drug has been stopped. Chronic pulmonary reactions occur rarely in patients who have received continuous therapy for 6 months or longer and are more common in elderly patients. Changes in ECG have occurred, associated with pulmonary reactions. Minor symptoms such as fever, chills, cough and dyspnoea may be significant. Hepatic: Hepatic reactions including cholestatic jaundice and chronic active hepatitis occur rarely. Treatment should be stopped at the first sign of hepatotoxicity. Neurological: Peripheral neuropathy (including optical neuritis) with symptoms of sensory as well as motor involvement, which may become severe or irreversible, has been reported infrequently. Treatment should be stopped at the first sign of neurological involvement. Gastrointestinal: Nausea and anorexia have been reported.
Nitrofurantoin is not effective for the treatment of parenchymal infections of unilaterally nonfunctioning kidney. A surgical cause for infection should be excluded in recurrent or severe cases. Since pre-existing conditions may mask adverse reactions, Nitrofurantoin should be used with caution in patients with pulmonary disease, hepatic dysfunction, neurological disorders, and allergic diathesis. Peripheral neuropathy which may become severe or irreversible has occurred and may be life threatening. Therefore, treatment should be stopped at the first signs of neural involvement (paraesthesiae). Nitrofurantoin should be used in caution with patients with anaemia, diabetes mellitus, electrolyte imbalance, debilitating conditions and vitamin B (particularly folate) deficiency. Chronic pulmonary reactions can develop insidiously, and may occur more commonly in elderly patients. Close monitoring of pulmonary conditions of patients receiving long-term therapy is warranted. Nitrofurantoin should be discontinued at any sign of haemolysis in those with suspected glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Gastrointestinal reactions may be minimised by taking the drug with food or milk, or by adjustment of dosage.
Each capsule contains two forms of nitrofurantoin. Twenty-five percent is macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin, which has slower dissolution and absorption than nitrofurantoin monohydrate. The remaining 75% is nitrofurantoin monohydrate contained in a powder blend which, upon exposure to gastric and intestinal fluids, forms a gel matrix that releases nitrofurantoin over time. This capsule is highly soluble in urine, to which it may impart a brown color. When administered with food, the bioavailability of nitrofurantoin is increased by approximately 40%.